The electronic conduction channel constitutes the elementary building block of quantum conductors. A fascinating many-body quantum physics arises from the interactions between electrons transferred across individual quantum channels, and the circuit macroscopic quantum degrees of freedom, such as the charge in a metallic node.
The quantum electrodynamics at work results in electrical and thermal properties markedly different from those of the constitutive quantum channels. Apprehending these quantum laws has direct implications for the quantum engineering in the future nanoelectronics.
Remarkably, such quantum circuits composed of a few distinct conduction channels also provide powerful test-beds for the strongly-correlated electron physics, including the quantum criticality that develops in the vicinity of quantum phase transitions, the correlated 1D (Luttinger liquid) physics and the Kondo-type physics.
Figure 1: The central metallic island (bright) forms a circuit node of a quantum circuit. It is electrically connected through several quantum conductors tuned by field effect using voltage biased gates (blue, green and yellow).
Figure 2: Development of a quantum phase transition observed through the temperature evolution of the conductance across three quantum point contacts connected to a small metallic island.
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